Notes 10/10

Why do we Light? - To create Depth and separation.

5 Ways to Create Depth
1. Lighting
2. Selective Focus
3. Move the Camera
4. Warms and Cools
5. Atmospheric Haze

Amps - amount of power reserved for a specific circuit, amount that can be pulled
household circuits - 10-20 amps
business - 20-40 amps

Volts - capacity on the line
household - 110 (100) - business 220

Watts - how much power you can draw
household - 1000 (amps x volts = watts)


2 Types of Light

1. Hard - light w/ very sharp light to shadow drop-off that leaves well defined shadows and thin transfer areas

2. Soft - light w/ diffuse light to shadow drop-off leaving large and undefined transfer areas


2 Major Color Balances

1. Tungsten - light of the color orange CTO (=warm) burning at 3200 Kelvin, equal to that of most indoor lights

2. Daylight - light of the the color blue CTB (=cool), burning at 5600 Kelvin, equal to light outside on a sunny day


Fresnel - type of light that has a Fresnel lens

Fresnel Lens - type of lens that has same optical effect as a plano-convex lens, but has reduced weight and temperature retention

Open Face - opposite of Fresnel - light that has no lens - just a bulb in front of a reflector

-General rule - women exposed 1 fstop more than men in US movies

Mercury Medium Arc Iodide - HMI aka Hemmy- Daylight - CTB - "type of gas discharge light w/ a color temperature equal to daylight and high efficiency over 90 lumens per watt"

Lumen - metric measurement of light
Lux - 1 lux = 1 lumen per sq. meter

1 Foot Candle = amount of light given off per sq. ft from a candle

Fluorescent lights - burn green -
Minus Green Gels correct for this to add magenta


TYPES of Lights:

Ace - 1k Fresnel
Mickey - 1k Open Face (aka Redhead)
Joker - 1,200w HMI Fresnel
Junior - 2k Fresnel
Tweenie - 650w Fresnel
Mini - 200w Fresnel
Pepper - 100w Fresnel
Sun-gun - Low wattage HMI w/ handle, can be aimed, like sun

3 Types of Lighting:

1. Key Light - main light on subject, brightest source, gives most light, needs 'source' to justify it

2. Fill Light- light that gives details to shadows

Fill - reflector that bounces light onto subject
Negative Fill - black board that absorbs light

3. Back Light - light that creates separation of subject from background
Either 1. lights the background
2. lights subject from behind

High Key - bright lighting style w/ low contrast & bright spectral highlights; detail in shadow - "traditional"/"classical"

Low Key - high contrast, dark shadows - "noir style"



Rules:
1. Key Light at least 30° off camera
2. Take every light into consideration, justify every light
3. People want to see people's eyes

Safety Rules:
1. Always wear gloves
2. Never replace bulb w/ bare hands
3. Always secure lights - use 'dirt'
4. Always yell 'Firing' before turning on a light to avoid hurting eyes
5. Always leave a less than full lighting case open
6. Never position lights above water
7. Use common sense

Production Notes 9/29

Definitions:
Storyboards - "visual outline of the final edit of the film. A diagram of the process in which a film will be shot and assembled"

Interior Objectives - character's needs, conscious or unconscious, resolved through the story

External Objectives - character's goals or wants, which he/she is actively striving to attain throughout the movie

Internal Obstacles - Psychological biases - what keeps a character from fulfilling needs. ex. fear

External Obstacles - Physical barriers that character needs to overcome to accomplish goals

Means - abverbs, HOW a character carries out actions of the film - way in which character goes about overcoming his obstacles

Public Life - facade a character presents to the world

Private Life - true nature a character hides to be accepted by the groups that he wants to belong to

Actions - physical things a character does to accomplish goals (distinguished from 'means' - the how of the actions)

Independent Activities - actions a character takes that are indepedent of the story

Windows of True Nature - glimpses of 'private life'

Beat - change in a dramatic flow (Pepperman - 'bits of moments')

Shot List - contains what the shots are


Visualization Process:
Step 1. Director's Script Breakdown (gets to emotional core of the film)
a. Script Wash - letting script wash over you & recording emotional reactions
b. Finding the Arc of the Story - "emotional arc that characters travel through in the story from beginning to end"
-Internal/Ext. Objectives of characters
-Int/Ext Obstacles
-Means
-Public Life
-Private Life
c. Scene by scene breakdown
-Actions
-Independent Activities
-Windows of True Nature

Step 2. Marking the Script - mark script to indicate shots & cuts, Director & DP do this together

Step 3. Shot list

Step 4. Shooting Script - all shots written in SCENE Heading format

Step 5. Storyboards