Post-prod & Color - 10/12

10/12 Color

Color Correction - "takes chroma (color info) and adjusts to get the right balance.
-adjusts so color looks good on different monitors
-match color from shot to shot
-match color between cameras

In Final Cut you can view chroma in Wave Form or Oscilloscope

Wave Form Monitor - Plots scanlines (measured in IREs) to show brightness (luminescene)
100 - overexposed
7.5 - safe black - TV monitors can't read below that - looks like dead monitor

Contrast compresses the wave form.

Oscilloscope - chroma displayed as dots in a circle with 6 boxes (regions):
[R]- red
[M] - magenta
[B] - blue
[C] - cyan
[G] - green
[Y] - yellow

-when dots/points are in circle, not in the boxes, colors are washed out
-when dots/points are outside the circle of the boxes, colors too condensed, they bleed into one another.

Hue wheel - just shifts color
Balance dot adjust color

Sound
1926 first sync sound

Director's job in re: Sound
1. Make sure they capture clean sound for Post-prod
2. Create sound list
3. Location survey - at same time of day/week as the shooting will occur to see how it will work - along w/ Producer and Sound Mixer

Producer's job in re: Sound
1. Make sure sound crew has all the equipment needed
2. Get best deals on the equipment
3. Location survey, to determine if they are 'sound friendly'
4. Ask sound crew at the end of every day's shoot: "Do you have what you need?"
5. Make sure gear is in "as good or better condition" than when it was rented.

Sound Team
1. Boom-Op - operates the boom pole
2. Sound Mixer - in charge of quality of audio being laid to tape


Responsibilities of Sound Team:
1. Capture Clean Dialogue
2. Match sound perspective to camera
3. Get needed sound effects
4. Get Roomtone (have at least 60 sec)
5. Sound Reports (Sound Logs) - keep track for Post what is recorded on set, imp. notes


Clean Dialogue - "dialogue that is not interrupted or troubled with noise" - Can be clearly heard & understood

ADR - Automatic Dialogue Replacement - re-recording for post, aka "looping"

Wild sound - any sound recorded w/out an image, to be synced to a certain action in Post

MOS - Mit Out Sound - "any shot captured w/out accompaniment of sound"

Roomtone - "ambient sound in a location that can be heard when all other sounds are gone."


Sound Consistency:
Within the Shot
Scene - audio consistent to create sense of space/time
Movie - consistent across scenes

Sound Systems:
DTS - Dolby Theatrical Surround - 6 channels - F,B, RF, RB, LF, LB - Front, Back, RightFront, Right Back, Left Front, Left Back
SDDS - Sony Dynamic Digital Surround - 8 Channels - F, B, L, R, RF, RB, LF, LB - as above + Left, Right

THX - professional certification for theater sound - killed by stadium seating
-Theaters are separated
-Outer and inner doors
-Minimize echoes

Microphone Placement considerations
1. Director's vision
2. Actor's blocking
3. Camera Placement
4. Size and composition of the shot
5. Lighting
6. Camera Movement
7. Acoustics of the location
8. Camera Noise

Electric wires hum at 60hz - esp. when power and sound cables get intertwined

Barney - "sound jackets wrapped around camera to reduce noise"

Blimp - "casing for camera, usually it's waterproof"


3 Approaches to Recording Sound
1. Boom - mike mounted on pole, held near subject(s)
2. Plant/Stash - mike put in the scene to capture sound
3. Lavalier - mike planted on talent

2 Types of Microphones
1. Omnidirectional / Dynamic - (plant/stash) - Picks up sound from 360°

2. Directional / Condenser - (booms & lavaliers) -
a. Cardioid - listening area right around the mike
b. Hyper-cardioid - "Shotgun mike" - listening area resembles spray of shotgun


Audio Mixing
-highs, mids, lows - on the graph - highs = peaks, lows = valleys
-Sound frequency measured in Hertz - hz

Clean sound through equalization & volume adjustment

Audio meter - measures volume in decibels

1. Primary sound: 0 to -6 dB
2. Background: around -12 dB
3. All other sound under -18dB

Equalization - equalizing volume on various frequencies

20hz - 10Khz - human hearing range

6Khz - high tones
between - mid tones
600 hz - bass tones

Low pass filter - drops thing above a certain frenquency by lowering volume
Hi-cut - elminates frequency - makes for cold sound